The U.S. Copyright Office distinguishes a musical composition—music and associated lyrics—from a sound recording embodying a particular performance or production.

How the rights and registrations work

The same person can own both rights, but that is not automatic. A co-writer may share a composition while a label owns the master recording. Registration eligibility and the parties whose permission is needed can differ between the two.

What a rights holder should do

Create distinct ownership records for the song and each audio master. Use written agreements to connect authors, performers, producers and rights owners. Before a license or infringement claim, identify exactly which work and rights are involved.

Original source and related Utopian services

Read the original guidance. Visit music publishing administration, royalty collection or contact Utopian for catalog-related assistance.

Published October 20, 2026. Educational information only. Confirm rights, contracts, current statutes and organization rules before making filings or licensing decisions.